in ccmsetup.log it show that the bits are not installed, will need to enable BITS 

Customer unable to apply windows 10 updates on their machine

 This is the current version of their sccm

5.00.8239.1000

–

2015 May 14

SCCM 2012 R2 SP1

Found that will need  apply cumulative update 1 on their SCCM in order to patch windows 10

you can test on window 7 first for the patching.

https://www.systemcenterdudes.com/managing-windows-10-with-sccm-2012/